FGD, commonly known as a wet scrubber, is a form of air pollution management device used to remove sulphur dioxide (SO2) from industrial process and power plant exhaust flue gases. Sulfur dioxide, a hazardous gas, produced by the combustion of coal and oil, it contributes to acid rain and other environmental hazards as well.

The FGD process involves spraying a liquid solution, usually a mixture of water and limestone or lime, into the flue gas stream. The solution reacts with the sulfur dioxide in the gas stream, forming a solid compound that can be collected and disposed of. The FGD equipment typically consists of a scrubbing tower or vessel, a recirculation system for the liquid solution, and a solid handling system for the by-products.
There are several types of FGD systems, including spray tower, venturi scrubber, and packed bed scrubber systems. Each system has its own unique advantages and disadvantages, depending on the spe