Making Nitrogen

With every breath, you’re inhaling the “ash” from a nuclear furnace — nitrogen and oxygen created by stars. Many stars are making more of these elements today, and will someday expel them into space — perhaps to fill the skies of future planets.
One star that’s made a lot of nitrogen is Arneb, the leading light of the constellation Lepus, the hare. It’s due south as night falls, below brilliant Orion.
Arneb is roughly 14 times the mass of the Sun. Such heavy stars “burn” through the hydrogen fuel in their cores in a hurry, smashing together the hydrogen to make helium. But they do it in a different way from stars like the Sun.
The Sun directly fuses the nuclei of hydrogen atoms — bare protons — to make helium. But stars like Arneb use a catalyst: carbon, which is present in small amounts when the star is born.
In a series of steps, the carbon fuses with hydrogen to make nitrogen, then a heavier form of carbon. This carbon then splits apart, yielding helium plus the form of carbon that